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Detection methodsLLMs & generative AI
Automated identification of media bias in news articles: an interdisciplinary literature reviewThis paper surveys automated and manual methods for identifying media bias in news articles, bridging social science and computer science approaches. It defines nine distinct forms of media bias and maps social science research onto computational techniques, finding that NLP-based methods are promising for automated detection but remain…
Platforms, policy & societyDeepfakes & multimodal
The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and MitigationA landmark 2018 report surveying the landscape of potential security threats from malicious uses of AI across three domains—digital, physical, and political security. The work proposes frameworks for forecasting AI-enabled attacks, identifies specific threat scenarios including AI-generated disinformation and deepfakes, and recommends…
Deepfakes & multimodalDetection methods
Exposing Deep Fakes Using Inconsistent Head PosesDeepfakes splice a synthesized face into an original image, introducing landmark misalignment errors invisible to the eye but detectable through 3D head pose estimation. The method compares head poses estimated from all facial landmarks versus only the central region; real faces show consistent poses while deepfakes exhibit large…
Fact-checking & verificationDatasets & evaluation
The Fact Extraction and VERification (FEVER) Shared TaskThis paper presents results of the first FEVER shared task competition, which challenged 23 teams to classify whether human-written factoid claims could be SUPPORTED or REFUTED using evidence retrieved from Wikipedia. The best system achieved 64.21% FEVER score, demonstrating the difficulty of joint evidence retrieval and natural…
Fact-checking & verificationDetection methods
DeClareE: Debunking Fake News and False Claims using Evidence-Aware Deep LearningDeClareE is an end-to-end neural network for evidence-aware credibility assessment of arbitrary natural-language claims. The model combines claim and evidence article representations using bidirectional LSTMs with claim-specific attention, automatically discovering which web articles support or refute a claim without hand-crafted…
Spread & networksPlatforms, policy & society
Combating Fake News with Interpretable News Feed AlgorithmsThis position paper reviews fake news detection methods and argues that news feed algorithms are insufficiently transparent, enabling echo chambers and filter bubbles that amplify misinformation. The authors propose interpretable and explainable news feed algorithms as a solution, positioning transparency and user awareness as critical…
Deepfakes & multimodalDetection methods
In Ictu Oculi: Exposing AI Generated Fake Face Videos by Detecting Eye BlinkingDetects DeepFake videos by exploiting the absence of natural eye blinking patterns in AI-generated faces. Uses a Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Network (LRCN) combining CNN for feature extraction with LSTM-RNN for temporal modeling of eye state, achieving 0.99 AUC on authentic vs. synthesized videos—a forensic signal invisible to the…
Spread & networksDetection methods
Rumor Detection on Twitter with Tree-structured Recursive Neural NetworksProposes two variants of recursive neural networks (RvNN)—bottom-up and top-down—that operate on propagation tree structures of tweets to detect rumors. Rather than treating tweets sequentially, the model learns representations that respect how tweets actually propagate in response threads.
Detection methodsLLMs & generative AI
Separating Facts from Fiction: Linguistic Models to Classify Suspicious and Trusted News Posts on TwitterThis paper presents neural network models combining tweet content, social network interactions, and linguistic features (bias markers, subjectivity cues, moral foundations) to classify Twitter news posts as suspicious (propaganda, hoaxes, clickbait, satire) or verified. The models achieve 95% accuracy on binary classification and 0.7…
Detection methodsDatasets & evaluation
Automatic Detection of Fake NewsThis paper introduces two novel fake news detection datasets covering seven news domains and analyzes linguistic properties that distinguish fake from legitimate content. Using linguistic features including readability metrics, word categories, and punctuation patterns, the authors build classifiers achieving up to 78% accuracy and…
Fact-checking & verificationDatasets & evaluation
ClaimBuster: The first end-to-end fact-checking systemFoundational work introducing ClaimBuster, an end-to-end automated fact-checking system. Introduces a dataset of 23,533 human-annotated U.S. debate statements with check-worthiness labels, establishing baselines for automated claim check-worthiness detection and ranking.
LLMs & generative AI
Attention Is All You NeedThe authors introduce the Transformer, a sequence transduction model based entirely on self-attention mechanisms that dispenses with recurrence and convolution. The model achieves state-of-the-art BLEU scores on machine translation tasks while being significantly more parallelizable and requiring less training time.
Spread & networksDetection methods
Topological Recurrent Neural Network for Diffusion PredictionWang et al. propose Topo-LSTM, a novel LSTM architecture for modeling dynamic directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to predict which node will be activated next in information cascades. The key insight is that information diffusion on networks should be modeled explicitly as diffusion topologies—graphs showing how information spreads from…
Spread & networksDetection methods
Turing at SemEval-2017 Task 8: Sequential Approach to Rumour Stance Classification with Branch-LSTMThis paper proposes Branch-LSTM, a sequential neural model for rumour stance classification in Twitter conversations. By decomposing conversation threads into linear branches and modeling them with LSTM layers, the approach captures conversational context while assigning stance labels (Support/Deny/Query/Comment) to each tweet.
Detection methodsLLMs & generative AI
CSI: A Hybrid Deep Model for Fake News DetectionCSI is a three-module deep learning model that detects fake news by jointly modeling article text, temporal patterns of user engagement (response), and user behavior patterns (source). The Capture module uses LSTM to learn temporal response signals; the Score module learns user suspiciousness from co-engagement patterns; the Integrate…
Detection methodsFact-checking & verification
Truth of Varying Shades: Analyzing Language in Fake News and Political Fact-CheckingThis paper performs a linguistic analysis of fake news across four categories—satire, hoaxes, propaganda, and trusted news—using lexical features (LIWC, subjectivity, hedging, intensifiers). Experiments show that fake news articles use more first-person pronouns, exaggerative language (superlatives, modal adverbs), and hedging, while…
Detection methodsDatasets & evaluation
A Stylometric Inquiry into Hyperpartisan and Fake NewsThis paper investigates whether writing style alone can distinguish hyperpartisan news from mainstream and fake news from real news. Using a manually fact-checked corpus of 1,627 articles from BuzzFeed, the authors find that hyperpartisan news is stylistically distinct from mainstream (F1 = 0.78), satire is easily distinguishable from…
Spread & networksDetection methods
DeepCas: an End-to-end Predictor of Information CascadesDeepCas predicts the future size of information cascades (e.g., how many people will eventually retweet a post or cite a paper) using an end-to-end deep learning model that represents cascade graphs as sets of random walk paths. Instead of relying on hand-crafted network features, the model learns cascade representations automatically…
Fact-checking & verificationDatasets & evaluation
Computational fact checking from knowledge networksThis paper proposes a computational approach to fact checking by framing it as a network problem on knowledge graphs. The method finds the shortest path between entities in Wikipedia's knowledge graph using semantic proximity metrics that account for entity generality.