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Detection methodsDatasets & evaluation
From Fake News to #FakeNews: Mining Direct and Indirect Relationships among Hashtags for Fake News DetectionHashtags reveal news credibility signals during propagation: fake news clusters with hashtags used primarily for misinformation, while true news uses hashtags associated with reliable content. The authors propose NewsTag, a language-independent semi-supervised algorithm that mines both direct co-occurrence and indirect relationships…
Spread & networksDetection methods
"This is Fake! Shared it by Mistake": Assessing the Intent of Fake News SpreadersThis work is the first to systematically assess whether individuals spread fake news intentionally or unintentionally. The authors propose an influence graph that captures psychological (internal) and social (external) factors driving unintentional spreading, validate it on two datasets with manually-annotated spreader intent, and…
LLMs & generative AIDetection methods
All the News That's Fit to Fabricate: AI-Generated Text as a Tool of Media MisinformationThree experiments investigate whether AI-generated news text can be credible and influence public opinion. The authors find that GPT-2 models (355M to 1.5B parameters) generate text nearly indistinguishable from human-written baseline news, particularly when politically congruent stories are paired with partisan audiences.
LLMs & generative AIDetection methods
Discovering Latent Knowledge in Language Models Without SupervisionLanguage models trained with standard objectives (imitation, reward-based) can output false statements even when they internally "know" the truth. This paper proposes Contrast-Consistent Search (CCS), an unsupervised method that exploits truth's logical structure—a statement and its negation cannot both be true—to recover latent…
Bots & coordinated campaignsDatasets & evaluation
Botometer 101: Social bot practicum for computational social scientistsThis tutorial introduces Botometer, a supervised machine learning classifier for detecting social bots on Twitter. The authors explain how Botometer extracts features from account profiles and tweets, describe multiple versions optimized for different use cases (including BotometerLite for large-scale analysis), and provide practical…
LLMs & generative AIDetection methods
Causal Machine Learning: A Survey and Open ProblemsComprehensive survey of causal machine learning (CausalML), which formalizes data generation as a structural causal model to reason about interventions and counterfactuals. Categorizes 191 pages of CausalML work into five groups—causal supervised learning, causal generative modeling, causal explanations, causal fairness, and causal…
Platforms, policy & societyDetection methods
A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthy Recommender SystemsRecommender systems, while beneficial to users, can amplify harmful content, introduce discrimination, and enable adversarial attacks. This survey provides a comprehensive framework for trustworthy recommender systems across six critical dimensions: Safety & Robustness (defense against adversarial attacks), Non-discrimination & Fairness…
Detection methodsLLMs & generative AI
Toxicity Detection with Generative Prompt-based InferenceThis paper proposes a generative variant of zero-shot prompt-based toxicity detection using language models, comparing it against discriminative approaches. By formulating the problem as estimating the probability of generating a test instance conditioned on toxicity-guided prompts, the method achieves better performance than…
Deepfakes & multimodalDatasets & evaluation
Deepfake Detection: A Systematic Literature ReviewSystematic review of 112 deepfake detection studies (2018–2020) categorizing techniques into deep learning, machine learning, statistical, and blockchain methods. Deep learning approaches (77% of studies, primarily CNNs) significantly outperform non-deep methods, achieving ~89.7% mean accuracy.
Datasets & evaluationDetection methods
NELA-GT-2022: A Large Multi-Labelled News Dataset for The Study of Misinformation in News ArticlesPresents the fifth NELA-GT dataset release: 1.78 million news articles from 361 outlets spanning all of 2022, with source-level veracity labels from Media Bias/Fact Check and embedded tweet data. Focuses on stabilizing collection infrastructure to achieve near-complete temporal coverage, enabling robust benchmarking of fake news…
LLMs & generative AIDetection methods
Real or Fake Text?: Investigating Human Ability to Detect Boundaries Between Human-Written and Machine-Generated TextDugan et al. investigate human ability to detect boundaries where text transitions from human-written to machine-generated, a more realistic and challenging task than binary fake/real classification. They introduce the RoFT (Real or Fake Text) game platform for crowdsourced annotation and release a dataset of 21,000+ annotations across…