Cite this guide

If you reference GUIDE in academic work, please use one of the citation formats below.

BibTeX

@misc{zafarani_guide,
  author       = {Zafarani, Reza},
  title        = {GUIDE: Guide to Understanding Fake News, Disinformation, and Misinformation},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Syracuse University DataLab},
  url          = {https://guide.fake-news.site/},
  note         = {A curated research reference on fake news, disinformation, and misinformation.}
}

APA

Zafarani, R. (2026). GUIDE: Guide to Understanding Fake News, Disinformation, and Misinformation. Syracuse University DataLab. Retrieved from https://guide.fake-news.site/

MLA

Zafarani, Reza. GUIDE: Guide to Understanding Fake News, Disinformation, and Misinformation. Syracuse University DataLab, 2026, https://guide.fake-news.site/.

Plain text

GUIDE, maintained by Reza Zafarani at the Syracuse University DataLab. Available at https://guide.fake-news.site/.

Citing individual entries

Every paper, article, dataset, or topic page on this guide summarises a primary source. Cite the original work directly, not this guide's summary, unless you are explicitly referencing the synthesis or organization itself. Each page on this site includes the original work's full citation and DOI / arXiv link where available.

About this guide

The guide is curated by Reza Zafarani at the Syracuse University DataLab. It is continuously updated as new research is published.

For questions, corrections, or contributions, contact Reza directly.